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| Genghis Khan (image source: Getty Images) |
But Genghis Khan's achievements were not limited to the battlefield. His victories in another arena are equally astonishing.
A few years ago, a genetic study revealed that about eight percent of the men living within the former Mongol Empire had a mark on their Y chromosome that indicated they belonged to the Mongol ruling family. The study concludes that there are approximately 16 million men in the world, or 0.5% of the total number of men in the world, whose blood relationship goes up to Genghis Khan.
In Pakistan, this distinctive mark is found in the DNA of members of the Hazara tribe who call themselves Mongols anyway.
In addition, some people named Mughals, Chughtai and Mirza also identify themselves as Mongol race.
How can one person have so many children?
Genetic research in its place, there is historical evidence of this. Genghis Khan himself had dozens of marriages and the number of his sons is said to be 200.
Then many of their sons went ahead and established governments and at the same time kept the vast harem where a large number of their sons were born.
Well known historian Malik Ata Javini writes in his book 'Tarikh-e-Jahan Gushai' just 33 years after the death of Genghis Khan: At present, 20,000 members of his family are living a life of luxury.
I will not say more about that. Why don't the readers of this book accuse its author of exaggeration and start saying how can one person have so many children in such a short time?
On this occasion, we are confronted with an astonishing and unique irony of history.
When Genghis Khan was over 60 years of age, he convened in his tent a special gathering of his first wife and four sons born from the womb of His Highness Borta Khatun, Jochi, Oghdai, Chughtai and Tuli. The name of his successor was to be decided.
Genghis Khan started his career as follows: 'If all my sons want to be Khaqan, and refuse to be subordinate to each other, then isn't that the same thing that is said about the two snakes in the old story, one with several heads and one tail.
And the other had one head and several tails? ' Genghis Khan told the story that when a multi-headed snake got hungry and went out hunting, many of its heads could not agree on which way to go.
Eventually the multi-headed snake died of starvation, while the multi-tailed snake lived a comfortable life. Khaqan-i-Azam then invited his eldest son Jochi Khan to speak.
According to the strict Mongol hierarchy, granting the right to speak first meant that the rest of the brothers would accept Jochi's priority.
The second son Chughtai could not digest that. He stood up and addressed his father, saying: 'Does that mean you are giving Jochi your successor?
How can we consider the illegitimate offspring of a Markad as our head?
Chughtai was referring to the 40-year-old Borta woman who was abducted by Merkad, an anti-Genghis tribe.
Borta was born in 1161 into the Olkhund tribe, an ally of the bourgeois tribe of Temojan (Genghis Khan's real name).
The two were engaged as children, and the marriage took place when Borta was 17 and Genghis was 16.
Borta was given a fur coat as a dowry.
A few days after the wedding, the Merkad tribe raided the couple's camp. Timojan managed to escape with his six younger brothers and mother, but his bride was left behind.
The Merchants originally came for Burta.
The story goes that Timojan's mother, Hoylen, belonged to the Mercad tribe and was abducted by Timojan's father and made his wife.
Merkad had not forgotten this even after years and now he wanted to take revenge on Hoelin by taking Borta. Borta hid in a bullock cart, but the Mercedes found him and took him away on horseback.
Temujin continued his efforts to recover his bride. Wherever the nomadic Mercad tribe traveled in pastures spread over thousands of miles in Central Asia, Temujin followed them from a distance. During this time he also started gathering friends from all over.
One of his famous sayings is that "the mercenaries not only burned my tent but also tore my heart out."
Eventually, when the Merkad tribe encamped near Lake Bekal in Siberia, 400 kilometers away, Temujin and two of his comrades in a dramatic raid rescued Borta from the enemy's control.
According to some historians, this incident is of fundamental importance in the life of Genghis Khan because it was this incident that put him on the path on which he went on to become the conqueror of the world.
However, eight months had passed since Borta was rescued.
Borta gave birth to Joachi shortly after her return.
There were rumors at the time, but Genghis always recognized Jochi as his son, which is why he now wanted to succeed him in the latter part of his life.
Little did he know, however, that 40 years later, the same thing would happen to him, and his own sons would call his son's birth doubtful.
When Chughtai accused Jochi, Jochi could not keep quiet. He got up and slapped Chughtai and the two brothers got into a fight.
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| Genghis khan (image source: Getty Images) |
The courtiers rescued them with great difficulty. Genghis Khan realized that after his death, the three youngest sons would never be able to accept Jochi as the Khaqan-e-Azam and would fight among themselves and tear his kingdom to pieces.
Now Chughtai came up with a proposal which was immediately endorsed by the younger brothers.
He offered a middle ground that neither I, nor Jochi, but the third numbered Oghdai should be made Khaqan.
Genghis Khan was deeply hurt but had no choice. He said: 'Mother Earth is vast and its rivers and lakes are innumerable.
Set up tents far from each other and rule over your own kingdoms. ' It is a strange irony of history that a man whose offspring is being told in millions today, had his own sons refuse to accept his appointed crown prince as his son.
Genghis Khan must have felt the most grief when he breathed his last on 18 August 1227.
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