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| Sher shah suri (image source: wikipedia/Abdul Ghafoor Breshna) |
King Babar is also there with his amirs and ministers. His eyes fall on an Afghan chief who does not know how to eat mahiche but takes out a dagger in his style and slashes it and eats it comfortably.
King Babar's heart is troubled by the contentment of his face and the way he eats, and he tells his prime minister, Mir Khalifa, the brother of Afghan Prime Minister and Afghan Sardar Shah Junaid, who is with him. Evidence from this person indicates that this will cause disturbance, "arrest him immediately."
The caliph prime minister advised the king that his arrest would be counterproductive and that the Pathan chiefs would get the impression that the king was against the Pathans.
The arrest warrant was revoked but Babar was not satisfied and said that he should be closely monitored and informed about his condition as' he is a very clever man and the signs of the government are visible on his forehead. There are. '
"I have seen so many Afghan warriors but no one impressed me as much as this man did in the first meeting. Signs of its glory can be dangerous for us. "
On the other hand, this Afghan chief saw the king looking at him with malignant eyes and talking to his minister. Due to the distance he could not hear the words but Jahandida Sardar understood that it was about him and the intention of the king was not right.
So after finishing his meal he left and then he left Agra without telling anyone. This chief was none other than Sher Shah Suri, the Pathan who forced the Mughals to chew the cud and expelled them from India.
Moin Ahmad Nizami, a professor of South Asian Islam at the Oxford Center for Islamic Studies, talks about Sher Shah Suri and says that Babar's fears began to rise after his death and ten years later he came true as a prophecy. When Sher Shah Suri expelled Babar's successor and Mughal ruler Humayun from India.
Sher Shah Suri ruled northern India completely for only five years (17 May 1540 to 22 May 1545) but he left an indelible mark on History.
In which their beautiful arrangement is a shining beacon from which the kings who came after them, especially the Mughal emperor Akbar, got guidance and nurtured their style of governing.
The rupee run by them is in vogue today not only in India and pakistan but also in many other countries. The rupee was already in use but its amount was not fixed.
Early life conditions
Historians do not agree on the birth of Sher Shah but the public opinion is that he was born in 1486 in Hissar, the present day Indian state of Haryana. Thus he was about three Years younger than King Babar but in many places it is said that he was his age.
Sher Shah's real name was Farid Khan and he was Hassan Khan's first son. Hassan Khan's father Ibrahim Khan came to India during the reign of Sultan Bahlol Lodhi and acquired another jagir.
Farid Khan's father, Hassan Khan, took a job at the high office of Kalkapur and at the behest of Sultan Bahlol, Wazir Umar Khan Sarwani, who granted several villages in the pargana Shahabad to Hassan Khan as a jagir. During the reign of Sikandar Lodhi, when Jamal Khan's Iqbal rose, he appointed Hassan Khan as an officer of 500 cavalry besides the estate of his father Ibrahim Khan. Grant
Hassan Khan began to live with his son Farid Khan for the happiness of his beloved Nazar wife, which Farid Khan realized and he went to Jaunpur Jamal Khan, where he spent his youth in pursuit of education and Thanks to this he founded a great empire.
Kalka Ranjan Qanungo, an important historian who traces the history of Sher Shah Suri, wrote, describing Sher Shah's scholarly passion and the nature of being widely read, wrote: On which the illiterate brave people like Shivaji, Haider Ali and Ranjit Singh get the happiness of becoming emperors by rising above the ordinary level. We do not find any other person in the history of India who, in his early life, founded a government while being a non-military.
Farid Khan's early circumstances and the behavior of his stepmother had led him to reflect and ponder. Many historians say that if they had not had a stepmother in their lives, they would not have had such determination and would not have had the flexibility in their nature to guarantee their development.
Farid Khan became Sher Khan Farid Khan
was entrusted with the management of several towns by his father Hassan Khan.
Farid Khan, realizing the delicacy of the matter, announced his resignation and took a different path. At that time India was ruled by Ibrahim Lodhi but there was insurgency in many areas and after the death of the rebel Afghan chief Darya Khan Lohani his son Bihar Khan Lohani declared his independent government.
Farid Khan's parganas were part of Bihar Khan's empire, so it did not take long for them to realize that their survival was with Bihar Khan.
Historian Vidya Bhaskar, referring to Farid Khan's condition at that time, wrote in her book 'Sher Shah Suri' that 'Farid Khan was by nature a loyal, tough and selfless man, he did not hesitate to decide that Bihar Khan His only advantage is in serving Lohani ... Bihar Khan soon came to know that Farid Khan was capable, hardworking, loyal and devoted as well as reliable in all respects.
As a result, the friendship between the two grew stronger and stronger. Meanwhile, Bihar Khan proclaimed himself king by taking the title of Sultan Muhammad and issued his coin by declaring Bihar an independent province.
Shortly before this, in the first battle of Panipat, Babar had defeated Ibrahim Lodhi's large army and captured the throne of India.
Farid Khan went hunting with Bihar Khan once during the same period.
They were walking in the forest when suddenly a lion came towards them and the lion jumped towards Farid. Voices of welcome and applause began to be heard from all sides.
Bihar Khan was so impressed with Farid Khan's bravery that he gave him the title of Sher Khan and appointed him as his son's mentor. People started calling Farid Khan by the name of Sher Khan and after that this became his identity.
Employed in the Mughal army
It is said that the moods of kings change on the tongues of villains.
So after the proclamation of the reign of Bihar Khan, Babar set out to suppress the East, so Humayun offered his name for the expedition Khan lost his confidence and handed over his estate to his half-brothers and reached Junepur after assuring peace to Junaid Barlas, the governor of the Mughal government.
After the battle of Khanwa (Kanwa) on March 16, 1527, Sher Khan along with Junaid Barlas reached Babar's court where he served in the Mughal army for about one and half years. Meanwhile, at the request of Junaid and the Prime Minister, King Babar granted Sher Khan his estate in Sahasram.
But that move of Sher Khan on Babar's table caused concern in Babar's heart but here it is necessary to explain the eating of fish which can upset anyone so why not a person like King Babar would be worried.
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| An inspection ride on the northern highway of Sher Shah Suri (image source: wikipedia) |
Professor Soban Saeed at Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti University in Lucknow, quoting Persian dictionaries, said that there is a difference of opinion about Mahicha. In one place it is said to be something like a fern made from soybeans and milk, while in another place it is said to be a dish made by putting meat or fish in flour. Both are eaten with a spoon, not with a dagger or a dagger.
He said that Khan Sahib's anger has been mentioned in many places, sometimes jokingly and sometimes really. He was very quick and he was very warm but some historians call him understandable and settled.
The bragging or the pulse of Mughal weakness?
Abbas Khan Sarwani, a courtier appointed to record the history of Afghans at the court of King Akbar, was related to Sher Shah. He wrote that he was enthusiastic from the beginning and was keen to get government from the Mughals while other Afghans considered him arrogant and boastful.
They call Sher Shah Alexander II. He writes that in the campaign of Chanderi, Alexander II (Sher Shah) was with the army of King Zal Subhani Babar. Sheikh Ibrahim Sarwani came to me and said let's go to Sher Khan Soor and he talks more than his rank so much that people laugh.
We rode to his camp. Speaking on the occasion, Sheikh Ibrahim said that it is difficult for the country of India to fall into the hands of Pathans again and leave Mughal India. Sher Khan said to Sheikh Muhammad, be a witness of what happens between me and Sheikh Ibrahim. If my fortune favors me, I will drive the Mughals out of India in a few days. '
Because the Mughals are no more than Pathans in the sword fight. Due to mutual opposition, the Pathans handed over the country of India. Ever since I came to the Mughals and found out about their battles, I have found that their feet do not stand in battle and the king, due to their high kinship and high status, does not pay attention to his own affairs in the country. The nobles and members hand over wealth.
And he trusts in their words and deeds, and his subjects and soldiers and landlords who are haraam eaters are caught in the act of bribery. Does everyone get their work done with the help of money? You do not differentiate between friend and foe because of the lure of money. If Iqbal did Yawari, then Sheikh Ji will see or hear that I should control the Pathans in such a way that I do not allow them to be divided.
And Sher Khan's words proved to be true word for word. Earlier, when he was first given charge of his pargana, he had restrained the landlords and patwaris for the sake of Dutok Riya.
On the other hand, after the death of King Babar, Sher Khan began to unite the Pathans and increase his power. His first major battle is said to have been against the Sultan of Bengal, in which Sher Shah demonstrated a unique invade strategy. Sher Shah's occupation of Bengal woke Humayun from his dream of being the king of India instead of Babar.
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| Chinar Fort (image source: print collector) |
Conquest of Chinar and successive marriages
Sher Khan's second major victory was the fort of Chinar which was earlier conquered by Babar but he could not establish his control over it and Taj Khan accepted his obedience and maintained his power over this fort.
Taj Khan fell in love with a fairy beauty queen and married her but they did not have any children while the queen already had three sons who were even more disgusted with their father than the lad queen that his father Was made a puppet.
So a son attacked to get rid of Lad Ladka. When Taj Khan found out, he came out with a sword. According to Abbas Khan Sarwani, he said, "You have attacked Lad, now taste my sword." The son thought that he was about to die, so he ran away with a sword wound but Taj Khan could not survive.
After that, chaos broke out in Chinar fort. Sher Khan had his eye on this fort as it was one of the few forts in the country at that time and the conquests of the East were on his way.
Now the queen queen was in charge of the fort yesterday and the three chiefs were full of obedience to her till her death but Sher Khan convinced her that when the news of Taj Khan's death reached the king he should remove the queen queen And their lives will not be safe.
Vidya Bhaskar writes that 'Sher Khan's words came to the understanding of these chiefs and they made a pact with Sher Khan and told the Lord Queen that the only way to escape from the king was to hand over the fort to Sher Khan. He also suggested marriage. She agreed and demanded that the boy who killed her husband have his nose and ears cut off.
Before the three sons got the news of these agreements, Sher Khan reached Chinar with Barat.
According to Abbas Sarwani, author of Tarikh-e-Sher-e-Shahi, the bride-to-be received one and a half hundred rare diamonds, seven-hundred pearls, one-and-a-half-hundred gold and various precious jewels from the bride. Shortly afterwards, Sher Khan took possession of the neighboring parganas and also married Gohar Hussain, the widow of Nasir Khan, from whom he got eight manas of gold.
Sher Khan used the army to manage all the wealth. When Humayun learned of Sher Khan's conquests, he immediately marched from Agra to Lucknow, where Sher Shah sent a secret message to Humayun through a Hindu bag that Sultan Mehmood had forcibly joined him. When the invade is at its height he will leave the field and he did so. Sultan Mahmud was defeated and Jaunpur fell out of his hands.,
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| Where Sher Shah built inns, he also built Kos minarets in various places (image source: wikipedia) |
Sher Khan has a network of spies
Sher Khan was very fond of reading and had instilled in his nature to meet people and keep abreast of the world, so we see that when other chiefs were busy in luxury Prefer to be aware.
So when the Afghan chiefs plotted to assassinate Sher Shah, they exposed him and said that a conspiracy was being hatched against him at the Jaunpur court. Since the Subedar was also involved in it, he kept feeling embarrassed. Similarly, when Humayun laid siege to Chinar, Sher Shah found out what the situation was like elsewhere and he realized that Humayun would not stay there for long. So that's what happened.
He also knew where and how much wealth he had, so he took many parganas under his supervision only so that he could dispose of his wealth.
When Sher Shah was with Babar, he used to spend time in performing duties and meeting people and building closeness with them. However, he succeeded in creating unity among the Afghans through his acquaintance and friendship and when he defeated Humayun in the battle of Chosa on 26th June 1539, he took the title of Fariduddin Sher Shah and took his name. Make
The following year, in 1540, at the Battle of Qanooj, Humayun was so defeated that Humayun was forced to leave India.
Historian Moin Ahmad Nizami says that between 1539-40, Sher Khan inflicted a series of defeats on Humayun. He was so opportunistic in his actions that it was too late for Humayun to regain consciousness.
Earlier in the year 1537, Humayun left Agra without assessing his ability. The first military mistake they made was that instead of crushing Sher Khan in Bengal, they stopped for the siege of Chinar near Banaras and wasted time on its border instead of occupying Bengal completely.
This has also been mentioned by other historians. Abbas Khan Sarwani, the first narrator of Sher Shah, writes that Sher Khan left his son in the fort on orders and encamped on a nearby hill from where he cut off all sources of support and his Almost paralyzed the army.
Moin Ahmed says that Humayun was a slower fighter than Sher Khan and he was unable to assess the dangers posed by Sher Shah. Gave
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| Battle scene of chosa (image source: Getty Images) |
Moin Ahmed says that the defeat of Humayun was not due to his incompetence or low morale of the army as the historian Mirza Haider said but it was the victory of Sher Shah's flexible invade strategy over the tough invade strategy of the Mughals.
'After defeating Humayun, Sher Shah pursued Humayun with his army until he left India. Sher Shah then tried to consolidate his rule like any other king and fought against the Rajputs till he became the king of the whole of northern India.
Management skills
More than Sher Shah's invade campaigns, his managerial skills are appreciated. Although before him Allauddin Khilji, Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Feroz Shah had paid some attention to this, but Sher Shah left a very lasting impression in a very short time.
According to Vidya Bhaskar, the British historian Kane, in particular, praised Sher Shah's administration of the empire, saying: Gave He devoted every moment of his life to better governance and better military organization. He did not believe in royal splendor and lived far away from the parties of luxury.
It is said that once Humayun's ambassador returned with Sher Shah, he said that Sher Shah was digging a pit in the hot sun. When they saw me, they sat down on the ground and talked to me. '
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| This rupee was issued by Sher Shah Suri which was a silver coin and its specific weight was 178 grains (image source: wikipedia). |
It should be noted that Sher Shah established his government from Assam to Multan and Sindh and from Kashmir to the hills of Sadpara and introduced a uniform system of government. Divided the whole empire into governments and parganas which are now commissioners and districts.
From the beginning, Sher Shah attributed the decline of the government to lack of justice and whenever he got the upper hand, he tried to establish justice system and established courts in every city.
They built a highway from Bengal to Afghanistan known as the Grand Trunk Road (GT Road). Not only this, they built roads from Agra to Burhanpur in the south, second from Agra to Jodhpur and Chittor and third from Lahore to Multan and built about 1700 caravanserai on these roads where separate arrangements for accommodation and food for Hindus and Muslims were made. Were
There were hot and cold water arrangements. The inn also provided food and drink for the horses, and passengers received free food from the government. A mosque was built in the inn and an imam and muezzin were appointed in it. There was a watchman to protect the passengers' belongings and they had a manager on them.
Sher Shah had also planted trees along the road so that travelers could rest under its shade in summer. Taxes from several nearby villages were devoted to the arrangement of the inn.
Arrangements were made for the protection of the highways and the Amil or Shaqdar was ordered that if theft or trespassing took place anywhere in their area and the culprits were not known then the Muqadam (bee) of the nearby village must be arrested. And they should be compensated for the loss but if they help in finding the culprits then they should not be punished.
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| Tomb of Sahasram (image source: getty images) |
Sher Shah not only strengthened the fort of Sahasram, he also built the fort of Rohtas which is now in Jhelum district of Punjab province of Pakistan while Rohtas is also a place in Bihar where Sher Shah built. Apart from this, many buildings of the old fort of Delhi are also his memorial.
Sher Shah was in his 60s when he laid siege to Kalingar Fort in Bundelkhand against the Rajputs of Mahoba. Abbas Sarwani states that he was killed on Friday, May 22, 1545, by an explosive device hitting the wall of the fort because there were many ammunition shells where he was standing, including Sher Shah and many others. Others were killed, but one of their children survived the blast.
It is said that Sher Shah laid siege to the fort of Kalingar and made such a high ridge in front of this fort that he could hunt whatever was seen inside the fort.
But the reason for the delay in taking the fort was a slave girl dancing in the harem of Raja Kirat Singh. (They will think) If I take the fort by force, then Raja Kirat Singh will take over again and burn this slave girl. '
In his note, Mazhar Ali Khan Villa, the Urdu translator of the history of Sher Shahi, wrote: For the sake of a dancing girl, he extended the siege and finally lost his life.
Sher Shah's shrine is in Sahasram, built by his son Saleem Shah on the shores of an artificial lake, which is still a tourist attraction.
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